Boolean Algebra

Boolean algebra, a logic algebra, allows the rules used in the algebra of numbers to be applied to logic. It formalizes the rules of logic. Boolean algebra is used to simplify Boolean expressions which represent combinational logic circuits. It reduces the original expression to an equivalent expression that has fewer terms which means that less logic gates are needed to implement the combinational logic circuit.

Boolean Expression Calculator

Use the calculator to find the reduced boolean expression or to check your (intermediate) answers.

Notes:
• Use ~ * + to represent NOT AND OR respectively. Do not omit the * operator for an AND operation.
  • (~AB)+(B~C)+(AB) will return an error
  • (~A*B)+(B*~C)+(A*B) is OK
• Boolean operations follows a precedence order of NOT AND OR. Expressions inside brackets () are always evaluated first, overriding the precedence order.
• Please enter variables only, constants like 0,1 are not allowed.
• Variables E, I, N, O, Q, S are not allowed

Boolean Expression Simplification

The following example shows how to use algebraic techniques to simplify a boolean expression

Each line (or step) gives a new expression and the rule or rules used to derive it from the previous one. There can be several ways to arrive at the final result. You can use our calculator to check the intermediate steps of your answer. Equivalent means your answer and the original boolean expression have the same truth table.

Laws of Boolean Algebra

Boolean Algebra Laws are used to simplify boolean expressions.

Basic Boolean Laws

1. Idempotent Law
   • A * A = A
   • A + A = A
2. Associative Law
   • (A * B) * C = A * (B * C)
   • (A + B) + C = A + (B + C)
3. Commutative Law
   • A * B = B * A
   • A + B = B + A
4. Distributive Law
   • A * (B + C) = A * B + A * C
   • A + (B * C) = (A + B) * (A + C)
5. Identity Law
   • A * 0 = 0     A * 1 = A
   • A + 1 = 1     A + 0 = A
6. Complement Law
   • A * ~A = 0
   • A + ~A = 1
7. Involution Law
   • ~(~A) = A
8. DeMorgan's Law
   • ~(A * B) = ~A + ~B
   • ~(A + B) = ~A * ~B

   Redundancy Laws

9. Absorption
   • A + (A * B) = A
   • A * (A + B) = A
10.  
    • (A * B) + (A * ~B) = A
    • (A + B) * (A + ~B) = A
11.  
    • A + (~A * B) = A + B
    • A * (~A + B) = A * B

Each law is described by two parts that are duals of each other. The Principle of duality is

• Interchanging the + (OR) and * (AND) operations of the expression.
• Interchanging the 0 and 1 elements of the expression.
• Not changing the form of the variables.

Application of Boolean Algebra

Combinational Logic Circuit Design comprises the following steps

1. From the design specification, obtain the truth table
2. From the truth table, derive the Sum of Products Boolean Expression.
3. Use Boolean Algebra to simplify the boolean expression. The simpler the boolean expression, the less logic gates will be used.
4. Use logic gates to implement the simplified Boolean Expression.