An operational amplifier (op-amp) is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and typically a single-ended output. The output voltage an op-amp produces is typically hundreds of thousands of times larger than the voltage difference between its input terminals.
Characteristics of a circuit using an op-amp are set by external components with little dependence on temperature changes or manufacturing variations in the op-amp itself, which makes op-amps popular building blocks for circuit design.
The operational amplifier is one of the most useful and important components of analog electronics. Op-amps are widely used in consumer, industrial, and scientific devices.
The circuit symbol for an op-amp is shown to the right, where:
The amplifier's differential inputs consist of a V+ input and a V− input, and the op-amp amplifies only the difference in voltage between the two, which is called the differential input voltage. The output voltage of the op-amp is given by the equation: \begin{equation} V_{out} = {A_{OL} \, (V_{\!+} - V_{\!-})} \end{equation} where
To simplify our calculation of the various practical op-amp configurations, we assume an ideal op-amp which have the following properties:
Op amps circuits have the following 3 feedback configurations
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